europe england australia india british empire nato britain glasgow devolution great britain monarchy of the united kingdom treaty of union liverpool greengrocery northern ireland constitutional monarchy isle of man kingdom of england kingdom of great britain united kingdom of great britain and ireland united nations security council commonwealth of nations organisation for economic co-operation and development european union partition of ireland british nationality law conservative party royal air force scottish government 2014 scottish independence referendum welsh language lucky dip canada battle of britain welsh government northern ireland executive edinburgh cardiff jersey bbc britons normans oxbridge english channel irish sea unitary state crown dependencies acts of union 1800 kingdom of ireland british overseas territories council of europe g-20 major economies world trade organization acts of union 1707 kingdom of scotland irish free state pakistan british people office for national statistics welsh people roman britain germanic peoples hen ogledd anglo-saxon england china parliamentary system fault industrial revolution liberal party international relations of the great powers new zealand labour party irish nationalism nazi germany special relationship national health service british literature culture of the united kingdom north sea oil executive lake district scottish highlands diarchy north east england plurality voting system local government in scotland uk head of government ireland london scotland wales u.k. belfast birmingham leeds manchester education in scotland scots law power g7 interpol government of ireland cornwall picts france feudalism england and wales common law reformation flit perambulation rugby fives bagatelle ludo rag hornpipe minister headship costing mot backbench bar carriageway croft delf dickey dickie dicky dixie doorknob gamp guy highroad hose hosiery hypermarket lido lodge mac macintosh mack mackintosh mews minster nick overall pannikin parka paternoster plimsoll point pub saloon circuit scullery stall surgery teahouse van verge villa piracy privateering restoration interregnum tory whig enclosure suffragettes brexit part in dominion suffrage luftwaffe cro-magnons the which western anglo-saxon as country both imf also nationalization norman-french south anglo-normans although well from however states between balls-up ballup cockup mess-up clanger clawback rustication fare-stage pony-trekking rugger tombola shove-ha'penny shove-halfpenny piss-up panto doddle 11-plus eleven-plus swiz snogging zizz dekko square-bashing shufti lie-in invigilation aggro punch-up go-slow caff clearway countinghouse crossbench dickey-seat dickie-seat dicky-seat doorhandle elastoplast fleapit footplate brolly gymslip home-farm ironmongery jobcentre l-plate minicab minicar nearside boilersuit pantechnicon anorak windbreaker windcheater play-box playbox plughole pothouse taphouse pull-in pull-up punnet push-bike quarterlight secateurs sheeprun sheepwalk skidpan strongroom tannoy tearoom teashop titfer underfelt vdu handbasin lavabo washbasin washbowl to now brought privatisation only over while where celts for west its east africa by notably north this wuhan on since has came united kingdom rest one archipelago it caribbean first bringing latter following once mainly though same pennines british major with exmoor all took but dartmoor especially far new already throughout eastern humber whiggism within established nation most continued hebrides under laissez-faire end orkney taken other except shetland later still place time stonehaven main important having southern made hegemon became further held is created elsewhere present world soon parts eventually middle including region swansea snowdonia snowdon anglesey celsius fahrenheit decolonisation aberdeen dundee provost chairman anguilla bermuda gibraltar montserrat sovereign state hinduism european mainland airbus uk monetarism republic of ireland–united kingdom border judaism cyprus republic of ireland atlantic ocean north sea celtic sea parliamentary democracy guernsey elizabeth ii global city financial centre countries of the united kingdom statute devolved english parliament devolution in the united kingdom bailiwick of guernsey british government conquest of wales by edward i of england laws in wales acts 1535 and 1542 late-2000s recession 's world bank high-income economy human development index great power sphere of influence permanent members of the united nations security council poverty in the united kingdom big four european economic community nuts of the united kingdom permanent committee on geographical names english people scottish people people of northern ireland irish people prehistoric britain insular celts gaelic ireland roman conquest of britain dál riata precedent breton people norman conquest of england norman invasion of wales norman invasion of ireland davidian revolution ruling class verdict house of plantagenet guilt conquest of wales acquittal wars of scottish independence eu declaration of arbroath anglo-scottish wars angevin empire hundred years war auld alliance early modern britain protestantism in the united kingdom rugby football bar billiards shovel board ministry of transportation test mot test fire watching rub up point duty national assistance social assistance supplementary benefit boot sale car boot sale arterial road betting shop bin liner bottle bank climbing frame common room fairy light fish slice free house front bench fruit machine glebe house gun room hair slide hall of residence hard shoulder trunk road life office lumber room meat safe milk float mod con boilers suit panda car pelican crossing pillar box power point gin mill public house racing circuit redbrick university rowing boat shooting brake skid lid slip carriage slip coach slop basin slop bowl stately home sten gun tea parlor tea parlour terraced house sponge bag toilet bag tuck box tuck shop visual display unit wash-hand basin laws in wales acts 1535–1542 plantation of ulster personal union james i of england wars of the three kingdoms english civil war execution of charles i unitary republic commonwealth of england glorious revolution bill of rights 1689 claim of right act 1689 royal absolutism british constitution royal society english navy age of discovery first british empire robert walpole jacobite uprisings house of hanover house of stuart battle of culloden scottish highlanders american revolutionary war united states of america company rule in india atlantic slave trade slave ship blockade of africa anti-slavery international acts of union oman singapore superpower free trade great reform act french revolutionary wars napoleonic wars pax britannica the great exhibition british raj informal empire benjamin disraeli unicameralism first world war western front league of nations ottoman empire irish home rule movement tokyo representation of the people act 1928 1926 united kingdom general strike shipbuilding great depression in the united kingdom steelmaking second world war winston churchill europe first allies of world war ii the blitz battle of the atlantic north africa campaign italian campaign normandy landings liberation of europe burma campaign british pacific fleet british contribution to the manhattan project surrender of japan world war ii sabre four policemen declaration of the united nations world bank marshall plan labour government 1945–1951 welfare state trillion nuclear weapons and the united kingdom gravitation operation hurricane suez crisis evolution commonwealth countries west germany european integration cosmology western european union united kingdom census 2011 london and paris conferences european free trade association hydrogen european communities penicillin treaty of lisbon the troubles dna belfast agreement premiership of margaret thatcher margaret thatcher big bang human rights act 1998 european convention on human rights military deployment war in afghanistan iraq war 2008 global financial crisis cameron–clegg coalition 2016 united kingdom european union membership referendum united kingdom invocation of article 50 of the treaty on european union covid-19 pandemic in the united kingdom commander-in-chief british isles royal observatory, greenwich nature prime meridian rimpac international meridian conference 49th parallel north 61st parallel north 9th meridian west 2nd meridian east continental europe translink channel tunnel geography of england tees-exe line crossrail river thames river severn scafell pike geography of scotland bp highland boundary fault isle of arran scottish lowlands ben nevis firth of clyde firth of forth central lowlands southern uplands geography of wales south wales north wales mid wales newport, wales south wales valleys geography of ireland north channel lough neagh ethnicity slieve donard race mourne mountains subpolar oceanic climate mixed subarctic climate leicester tundra climate messier-bugatti-dowty gulf stream counties of the united kingdom local government act 1888 local government act 1889 monolingual local government act 1898 local government in england hindi subdivisions of england regions of england greater london authority 1998 greater london authority referendum regional assembly skylon 2004 northern england devolution referendums combined authority directly elected mayors in england and wales metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of england unitary authorities london borough city of london plurality-at-large voting patagonia subdivisions of scotland romanticism politics of the highland council area single transferable vote secularism local government in wales sikhism local government in northern ireland buddhism irreligion british antarctic territory british indian ocean territory british virgin islands cayman islands irreligious falkland islands islam saint helena, ascension and tristan da cunha turks and caicos islands pitcairn islands presbyterians south georgia and the south sandwich islands methodists akrotiri and dhekelia protestants white paper 1995 bermudan independence referendum 2002 gibraltar sovereignty referendum 2013 falkland islands sovereignty referendum the crown channel island her majesty's most honourable privy council protestantism queen elizabeth ii commonwealth realm constitution of the united kingdom presbyterian uncodified constitution methodist case law uk parliament act of parliament bmj church of england westminster system palace of westminster house of commons of the united kingdom house of lords royal assent prime minister of the united kingdom confidence and supply government of the united kingdom cabinet of the united kingdom responsible government privy council of the united kingdom hs2 minister of the crown boris johnson philippines united kingdom constituencies nigeria bangladesh state religion elections in the united kingdom nepal fixed-term parliaments act 2011 supermajor parliament acts 1911 and 1949 poland somalia liberal democrats conservatism in the united kingdom socialism in the united kingdom liberalism in the united kingdom megalitre scottish national party plaid cymru democratic unionist party sinn féin gcse first minister and deputy first minister west lothian question commission on the consequences of devolution for the house of commons scottish parliament reserved and excepted matters church in wales nhs scotland edinburgh agreement senedd cymru – welsh parliament act of the national assembly for wales northern ireland assembly designated unionist designated nationalist north-south ministerial council british–irish intergovernmental conference codified constitution parliamentary sovereignty in the united kingdom northern ireland act 1972 parliament of northern ireland legal systems of the world english law courts of northern ireland supreme court of the united kingdom judicial functions of the house of lords judicial committee of the privy council 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belize military forces based in brunei british army training unit suffield british forces cyprus diego garcia military of the falkland islands british forces germany british forces gibraltar british army training unit kenya al udeid air base cold war bosnian war kosovo war role of the united kingdom in the war in afghanistan operation telic 2011 military intervention in libya university of oxford british military intervention in the sierra leone civil war falklands war university of cambridge stockholm international peace research institute international institute for strategic studies market economy exchange rate hm treasury chancellor of the exchequer public finance economic policy bank of england central bank pound sterling reserve currency monetary policy committee governor of the bank of england official bank rate tertiary sector of the economy gross domestic product international trade new york city tourism in the united kingdom creative industries automotive industry in the united kingdom auto racing aerospace industry in the united kingdom airbus a380 a350 xwb boeing 787 rolls-royce holdings bae systems typhoon eurofighter lockheed martin f-35 lightning ii bae hawk airbus a400m atlas commercial aircraft uk space agency pharmaceutical industry in the united kingdom common agricultural policy moody's investment services fitch ratings credit agency standard & poor's economic inequality naturalization scientific revolution anglosphere isaac newton messiah newton's laws of motion charles darwin natural selection james clerk maxwell queen electromagnetic theory stephen hawking quantum gravity black holes henry cavendish coldplay radiohead oasis adele unesco kano beyoncé portrait vertigo titanic itv tabloid broadsheet utilitarianism tennis golf boxing netball rowing cricket fifa motorsport snooker sheffield hurling shinty celt britannia poseidon bulldog alexander fleming francis crick james watt george stephenson richard arkwright robert stephenson isambard kingdom brunel steam locomotive richard trevithick andrew vivian electric motor michael faraday analytical engine charles babbage electrical telegraph william fothergill cooke charles wheatstone incandescent light bulb joseph swan winnie-the-pooh alexander graham bell john logie baird jet engine frank whittle alan turing world wide web tim berners-lee science park the lancet m25 motorway rail transport in great britain northern ireland railways ni railways british rail privatisation of british rail impact of the privatisation of british rail network rail train operating company london heathrow airport gatwick airport london stansted airport british airways virgin atlantic royal dutch shell coal authority underground coal gasification hydraulic fracturing wind power in the united kingdom water supply and sanitation in the european union scottish water northern ireland water census in the united kingdom total fertility rate baby boom median age greater manchester urban area west yorkshire urban area basque people british chinese central europe classification of ethnicity in the united kingdom 1991 uk census minority group other white south west england state school ethnic group punjabi language bengali language gujarati language polish language celtic languages irish language scottish gaelic cornish language irish language in northern ireland outer hebrides canadian gaelic nova scotia cape breton island scots language middle english william blake european charter for regional or minority languages ulster scots dialects welsh medium education first language islam in the united kingdom british social attitudes stormzy ramz skepta spotify soundcloud millennials phonk sza roman catholic church eastern orthodox lords spiritual parliament of the united kingdom supreme governor of the church of england religion in scotland church of scotland national church presbyterian polity church of ireland catholic church plymouth brethren james bond eastern orthodox church great famine germans in the united kingdom russian empire polish armed forces in the west indian subcontinent net migration rate a8 countries migration policy institute equality and human rights commission permanent residency points-based immigration system european economic area fresh talent initiative college degree social mobility and child poverty commission education in england secretary of state for education local education authority trends in international mathematics and science study grammar school bedford college, london university of london girton college, cambridge somerville college, oxford cabinet secretary for education and lifelong learning scottish public bodies scottish qualifications authority tertiary education further education learning and teaching scotland scottish universities tuition fees kirsty williams education in wales education in northern ireland department of education education authority council for the curriculum, examinations & assessment publicly funded health care world health organization general medical council nursing and midwifery council royal college healthcare in england healthcare in northern ireland healthcare in scotland healthcare in wales political union english language books published per country per year william shakespeare christopher marlowe ben jonson alan ayckbourn harold pinter michael frayn tom stoppard david edgar geoffrey chaucer thomas malory thomas more john bunyan john milton daniel defoe robinson crusoe samuel richardson modern novel jane austen mary shelley lewis carroll brontë family charles dickens thomas hardy literary realism george eliot william wordsworth h. g. wells rudyard kipling a. a. milne roald dahl enid blyton d. h. lawrence virginia woolf evelyn waugh george orwell w. somerset maugham graham greene agatha christie ian fleming w.h. auden philip larkin ted hughes fantasy literature j. r. r. tolkien c. s. lewis j. k. rowling alan moore neil gaiman scottish literature arthur conan doyle sherlock holmes walter scott j. m. barrie robert louis stevenson robert burns hugh macdiarmid neil m. gunn scottish renaissance ian rankin iain banks city of literature y gododdin cumbric language old welsh king arthur geoffrey of monmouth dafydd ap gwilym welsh literature daniel owen rhys lewis anglo-welsh poetry dylan thomas do not go gentle into that good night under milk wood welsh nationalism r. s. thomas nobel prize in literature richard llewellyn kate roberts joseph conrad t. s. eliot kazuo ishiguro salman rushdie ezra pound oscar wilde bram stoker george bernard shaw folk music folk music of england folk music of scotland folk music of northern ireland heavy metal music william byrd henry purcell edward elgar gustav holst arthur sullivan w. s. gilbert ralph vaughan williams benjamin britten harrison birtwistle bbc symphony orchestra london symphony chorus simon rattle john barbirolli malcolm sargent film score john barry clint mansell mike oldfield john powell craig armstrong david arnold john murphy monty norman harry gregson-williams george frideric handel andrew lloyd webber west end theatre the beatles the rolling stones pink floyd led zeppelin bee gees elton john brit awards british phonographic industry the who david bowie eric clapton rod stewart the police arctic monkeys spice girls robbie williams amy winehouse city of music pop music hip hop music rhythm and blues rock music united states yxng bane generation z asap rocky lil uzi vert chance the rapper lil skies alternative r&b the weeknd janelle monáe western art history john constable samuel palmer j.m.w. turner joshua reynolds lucian freud thomas gainsborough l. s. lowry arts and crafts movement william morris francis bacon pop artist peter blake richard hamilton david hockney conceptual art art & language gilbert and george abstract art howard hodgkin antony gormley anish kapoor henry moore saatchi gallery young british artists damien hirst chris ofili rachel whiteread tracey emin mark wallinger steve mcqueen sam taylor-wood jake and dinos chapman royal academy university of the arts london central saint martins college of art and design chelsea college of art and design goldsmiths, university of london slade school of fine art university college london glasgow school of art royal college of art the ruskin school of drawing and fine art courtauld institute of art national gallery national portrait gallery tate britain tate modern alfred hitchcock david lean harry potter ealing studios international co-productions the lord of the rings pirates of the caribbean films british academy film awards british academy of film and television arts british cuisine celtic fields norman conquest england in the middle ages indian cuisine immigration to the united kingdom since 1922 chicken tikka masala television licensing in the united kingdom itv plc news corporation news international the sun the times british sky broadcasting public service broadcasting in the united kingdom scottish school of common sense john locke george berkeley david hume dugald stewart thomas reid sir william hamilton, 9th baronet jeremy bentham john stuart mill association football rugby union rugby league victorian britain jacques rogge commonwealth games home nations great britain at the olympics 1908 summer olympics 1948 summer olympics 2012 summer olympics all-time olympic games medal table sport in the united kingdom the football association laws of the game ebenezer cobb morley league system premier league england national football team scotland national football team wales national football team northern ireland national football team rugby school 1871 england versus scotland rugby union match england national rugby union team scotland national rugby union team six nations championship sport governing body rugby union in england rugby union in scotland rugby union in wales rugby union in ireland british and irish lions laws of cricket marylebone cricket club england cricket team england and wales cricket board irish cricket team cricket ireland test cricket sport in ireland cricket in scotland scotland national cricket team ireland cricket team one day international cricket world cup county championship wimbledon championships thoroughbred horse race charles ii of england grand national epsom derby royal ascot cheltenham national hunt festival cheltenham gold cup formula one formula one world championship silverstone circuit british grand prix grand prix motorcycle racing world rally championship fia world endurance championship british touring car championship isle of man tt north west 200 the royal and ancient golf club of st andrews the open championship northern england rugby league world cup england national rugby league team scotland national rugby league team ireland national rugby league team super league marquess of queensberry rules john douglas, 9th marquess of queensberry gaelic football highland games flag of the united kingdom union flag flag of england flag of scotland saint patrick's flag national anthem god save the queen national personification corinthian helmet rule, britannia! fifty pence ten pence john bull geographic coordinate system